- poisoning,
- skin irritation
- respiratory irritation
- direct injury through puncture or abrasion.
Poisoning
Many cases of poisoning are through ingestion of the plant material and this is equally true for people as well as animals. The most at risk of poisoning are small children and those who mistake poisonous plants as edible plants. The list below details some poisonous plants, but this is by no means a complete list.
Botanical Name | Common Name | Notes |
Digitalis purpurea | Foxglove | All parts of the plant are poisonous |
Abrus precatorius | Crabs eye creeper | Bright red and black seeds which are highly poisonous. |
Brugmansia | Angels trumpets | Trumpet shaped flowers, all parts of the plant are poisonous |
Nerium oleander | Oleander | Common flowering shrub poisonous to people and animals |
Castanospermum australe | Black bean | Toxic seeds |
Lantana camara | Lantana | Flowering shrub, a declared weed, green fruit poisonous |
Edible Plants
Some foods which we commonly eat may be poisonous in certain circumstances, some considerations are;
- If the part we are eating is unripe, e.g. green potatoes
- The plant is not processed to remove the toxins e.g. cassava or sago palms
- Some other parts of the plant not commonly eaten may be poisonous e.g. rhubarb leaves may be harmful but not the stalks
General Considerations
- Don’t eat the plant unless you are certain it is safe to do so.
- Think about plant selection for your garden and consider thorough fares, boundary lines and what access children or pets have.
- Remove any unwanted plants from your gardens that are harmful, especially any that are recognised weeds
- Pets may be at risk of poisoning from plants which are not poisonous to people so if you have a pet do some research
Puncture or abrasion injury
Some plants have spines, thorns or prickles which can cause abrasion or puncture injuries to people and animals.
Examples of common plants with spines, thorns or prickles include:
- Bougainvillea
- Yucca
- Rose
- Citrus
- Various Cacti species
- Blackberries and other Rubus species
- Various Acacia (wattle) species
It is best to ensure that plants with spines, thorns or prickles are planted away from high traffic areas as well as pathways and gates.
Precautions should be taken when pruning such plants and appropriate protective equipment such as gloves, eye protection, long sleeved shirt and pants should be worn. Take particular care of sensitive areas such as eyes and ears when dealing with these plants as injury to these areas can be severe.
In an emergency for people contact triple 0 (000) or the poisons information centre on 13 11 26 and for pets contact your local vet
Disclaimer: Further advice should also be sought from your local health care professional.
For further information the following sources may be useful
PLANTS
- Australia’s Poisonous Plants, Fungi and Cyanobacteria: a Guide to Species of Medical and Veterinary Importance. – Edited by R McKenzie. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, 2012. ISBN 978 0 64309 267 9.
PETS